Florida Biology 1 EOC Practice Test

5 free Biology 1 practice questions below, each with the correct answer and a worked explanation you can read straight away. Every question is written in-house to the standards the course is tested on — none is reproduced from any official Florida assessment.

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Practice questions with answers

Question 1
A student designed an experiment to test how light affects plant growth. Identify the components of this experiment.
Diagram for question 1
  1. A. Independent: plant height; Dependent: light
  2. B. Independent: light; Dependent: plant height
  3. C. Independent: water; Dependent: soil
  4. D. Independent: temperature; Dependent: light
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Independent: light; Dependent: plant height

📌 Independent variable = what you change (light) Dependent variable = what you measure (plant height) Control group = no light (to compare against) Constants = same soil, water, temperature, pot size
Question 2
The graph shows the change in a moth population over time. Dark moths increased after industrial pollution darkened tree bark. This is an example of: Time (years)Population %Industrial RevolutionLight mothsDark moths
  1. A. Artificial selection
  2. B. Natural selection
  3. C. Genetic engineering
  4. D. Spontaneous generation
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: B. Natural selection

📌 This is the classic peppered moth example of natural selection. Before pollution: light bark → light moths camouflaged → survived After pollution: dark bark → dark moths camouflaged → survived The environment selected for the trait that provided camouflage.
Question 3

Which class of biomolecule is built from nucleotide monomers?

  1. A. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)
  2. B. Proteins
  3. C. Carbohydrates
  4. D. Lipids
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA)

**Nucleic acids** (DNA, RNA) are polymers of **nucleotide** monomers — each nucleotide is a phosphate + sugar + nitrogenous base. Distractors: **Proteins** are polymers of *amino acids*. **Carbohydrates** are polymers of *monosaccharides* (e.g., glucose). **Lipids** are not true polymers — they assemble from fatty acids and glycerol but don't repeat a single monomer.
Question 4

Lipids store roughly twice as much energy per gram as carbohydrates. Which property of lipid molecules best explains this?

  1. A. Long hydrocarbon chains contain many C–H bonds that can be oxidized to release energy
  2. B. They are insoluble in water, so they take up less space when stored
  3. C. They form longer polymer chains than carbohydrates
  4. D. They contain more nitrogen atoms than carbohydrates
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. Long hydrocarbon chains contain many C–H bonds that can be oxidized to release energy

Lipid fatty-acid tails are long chains of carbon–hydrogen bonds. Oxidizing each C–H bond releases energy, so the more C–H bonds per gram, the more energy is stored. Carbohydrates have fewer C–H bonds per carbon because oxygen atoms are already attached. Distractors: water insolubility relates to *where* lipids are stored, not how much energy they hold. Lipids aren't true polymers. Lipids contain almost no nitrogen — that's a feature of proteins and nucleic acids.
Question 5

Why does the left ventricle have a thicker muscular wall than the right ventricle?

  1. A. It must pump blood at higher pressure to reach the entire body
  2. B. It receives more deoxygenated blood from the body
  3. C. It contains valves that the right ventricle lacks
  4. D. It is in direct contact with the lungs
Show the answer and explanation

Correct answer: A. It must pump blood at higher pressure to reach the entire body

The **left ventricle** pumps oxygenated blood through the *systemic circuit* — every tissue in the body — which requires high pressure. The **right ventricle** only needs to push blood a short distance to the lungs (pulmonary circuit), so its wall is thinner. Distractors: the left ventricle pumps *oxygenated* blood, not deoxygenated. Both ventricles have valves (AV and semilunar). The right ventricle, not the left, is closer to the lungs.

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What this cannot rehearse: Florida delivers some items in formats beyond multiple choice — drag-and-drop, equation editor, multi-select. Practice here is multiple choice, so pair it with the Department of Education's own sample items for format familiarity. Florida CAP Prep™ is not affiliated with, endorsed by or sponsored by the Florida Department of Education. The percentages on this page are our own practice thresholds, not Florida achievement levels.

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